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Related To This. For many families, the college years are a rite of passage, and families that celebrate the first family member to ever attend college experience incredible pride Read more ». Call your doctor at once if you have pain in your upper stomach, loss of appetite, dark urine, or jaundice yellowing of your skin or eyes. Taking opioid medicine during pregnancy may cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the newborn.
Fatal side effects can occur if you use opioid medicine with alcohol, or with other drugs that cause drowsiness or slow your breathing.
Stop taking this medicine and call your doctor right away if you have skin redness or a rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling. You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to acetaminophen or oxycodone, or if you have:. If you use opioid medicine while you are pregnant, your baby could become dependent on the drug. This can cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the baby after it is born. Babies born dependent on opioids may need medical treatment for several weeks.
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Tell your doctor if you feel an increased urge to use more of this medicine. Never share this medicine with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medicine in a place where others cannot get to it.
Selling or giving away acetaminophen and oxycodone is against the law. Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device not a kitchen spoon. If you need surgery or medical tests, tell the doctor ahead of time that you are using this medicine. You should not stop using this medicine suddenly.
Follow your doctor's instructions about tapering your dose. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep track of your medicine. You should be aware if anyone is using it improperly or without a prescription. Do not keep leftover opioid medication. Just one dose can cause death in someone using this medicine accidentally or improperly.
Ask your pharmacist where to locate a drug take-back disposal program. If there is no take-back program, flush the unused medicine down the toilet. Since this medicine is used for pain, you are not likely to miss a dose. Skip any missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose.
Do not use two doses at one time. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at While only slightly more than half of those aged 19—39 years indicated being willing to pay for foil, there are more than three-fourths Another fourth would be willing to pay 50 Eurocents, while Only two of the 52 consumption room users who replied to this question would find a price higher than 1 Euro acceptable 3.
Slightly more than half of the respondents indicated having smoked off foil instead of injecting, with a slightly higher percentage in men When distinguishing between survey participants by age, the older respondents in particular reported having changed their method of administration In the youngest age group, the corresponding percentage is ten percentage points lower.
The lowest effect can be seen in those aged 30—39 years, with The survey results demonstrate that the patterns of heroin users can be influenced by a mixture of new, high-quality prevention tools foils pre-cut, uncoated, thicker and thus more resistant to tearing and a target-group-specific approach.
It became clear that it requires professionalism to address safer use issues during the daily routine of a drug consumption room and other drug services at the right time or at all. Some users received information about the new foils while they were waiting to enter the consumption room. A new medium enables workers to address use patterns and risks infection, overdose in an entirely new way. As a result, the new foil - as a new medium for arousing interest - provides new ways of approaching the users.
Ultimately, new drug use equipment not only makes it possible to renew prevention messages or convey them for the first time, but also provides the opportunity to approach users who have so far not been reached as well as those with whom contact was lost. It is therefore recommended that facilities which have so far exclusively offered syringe-exchange services expand their range of services to include informational literature as flyers, postcards, posters and smoking foils.
If possible, smoking foils and drug use equipment for intravenous administration should be provided free of charge. Special theme weeks or months had already made it possible in the past to call the attention of drug users to certain information and subjects.
How-to-smoke training courses, collective pipe and tube building even if many users have previous experience with inhalative use, collective tube building courses or safer smoking training courses could help arouse their interest. In view of the fact that many drug users avoid transporting drug use equipment, particularly drug consumption rooms and other low threshold services for drug users, are encouraged to support the users by offering them personalised storage space for drug use equipment.
In Germany, in about , boxes with different intravenous drug use kits are sold via vending machines [ 7 ]. In order to initiate a discussion about the harm-reducing effects of inhalative use, facilities could develop their own individual special programmes, such as a breakfast involving a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of inhalative use.
Based on experience from on-site work, it becomes apparent that such measures can only be successful if they are very practical and their utilisation does not involve much effort for the users.
Additionally, such programmes always require the commitment and motivation of the workers. Future studies that can best add to our current understanding need to take more deeply into account cross-sectional dimensions like gender, age and ethnic and socio-economic background of the users. It should be discussed whether a long-term sustainable change of consumption patterns can be achieved and how these patterns can be stabilised over time and what kind of additional education is needed?
On the other hand, Smoke-It! Major research funders might appropriately encourage such work in this field, if issues of cost-effectiveness are more deeply focused. However, the costs compared to injecting are as follows in Germany:. So the total costs are 0. Contrary to household foils, they are thicker and easier to smoothen again.
Safer injection drug use: the costs of a complete safer use equipment with one syringe, one needle, one water ampoule, one stericup spoon for single use , one sterifilt filter for single use , one bag of vitamin C are about 50 Eurocents. These costs are at least five times more expensive as the equipment for inhalative use. It should be noted that only a single use is recommended. Google Scholar. Drogenbeauftragte der Bundesregierung: Drogen- und Suchtbericht.
Med Wsch. Article Google Scholar. Kools JP: From fix to foil : the Dutch experience in promoting transition away from injecting drug use, — Harm Reduct J. National Needle Exchange Forum. Dokumentationszeitraum Download references. We are also grateful to the drug users who participated and the staff in the six drug consumption rooms.
Institute for Addiction Research, Frankfurt, , Germany. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. The survey and the evaluation was funded by Deutsche Aids-Hilfe e. DS conceived the survey. HS had full responsibility for its operational management and data collection. DS and HS collaborated equally with drafting the paper. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd.
Reprints and Permissions. Promoting a change of opiate consumption pattern - from injecting to inhaling. Harm Reduct J 11, 18 Download citation. Received : 06 March Accepted : 09 June Published : 27 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Intravenous drug use has been predominantly practised since illegal heroin use became known in Germany in the early s.
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